REPUBLIC

The constituent power is the sovereign power. The Nation possesses the sovereign power.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen says:

"The principle of any sovereignty resides essentially in the Nation. No body, no individual can exert authority which does not emanate expressly from it." (Text)

Authorization

No one can exert authority without a legal basis rooted in the constitution of the republic.

A legal basis is called an authorization.

With an authorization, someone is authorized to possess a power.

Someone who is authorized to possess a power is called an authority.

Authorities

The authorities belonging to the republic consist of national authorities, intranational authorities and international authorities.

The authorities possess the legislative power, the executive power and the judicial power.

State

The state is based on logic and freedom.

• The constituent power judges in the pure form SYNTHESIS/PRIOR.
• The legislative power judges in the pure form ANALYSIS/PRIOR.
• The executive power judges in the pure form ANALYSIS/POSTERIOR.
• The judicial power judges in the pure form SYNTHESIS/POSTERIOR.

Alf Ross writes:

"Wherever an ordinary norm is applied to a concrete case - such as, for instance, where a judge imposes a punishment on a criminal in accordance with the general norm of the penal code - it is a case of a practical inference". (Text)

Alf Ross illustrates a practical inference with the figure below: (Text)

Nation

The Nation consists of both active and passive members.

• Active members have completed the process of formation from rebirth to constituent power and have the republic's nationality.
• Passive members have the same nationality as the active members, but passive members have not completed the process of formation from rebirth to constituent power.

Only the active members possess the constituent power.

No one can be an active member of more than one Nation at the same time. Active membership of another Nation requires a change of nationality. Change of nationality is a matter of national sovereignty.

President

The president of the republic has a majestic responsibility.

The president is responsible for a constantly updated and complete list of all the active members of the Nation.

The presidency can be either hereditary or not hereditary. Whether the presidency is hereditary or not hereditary is a matter of national sovereignty.